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Black Pepper
Piper nigram (India)
A fresh, dry-woody, warm and spicy scent.
A very old and highly revered spice, used in India for over 4000 years, mainly for urinary and liver disorders. The Greeks used it extensively for combatting fever.
Mind and Spirit:
Stimulates and strengthens the nervous system.
Body:
Black Pepper's rubifacient and analgesic properties make it useful for muscular aches and pains, tired and aching limbs and muscle stiffness. Also useful as a massage oil for arthritic aches and pains. Black Pepper may be added to a massage oil to treat severe bruising.
Reference:
The Complete Guide to Aromatherapy. Battaglia. S. 1995